差价合约(CFDs)是复杂的金融工具,并且由于杠杆作用,存在迅速亏损的高风险。投资前,您应考虑自己是否了解差价合约的运作方式。

什么是点 (Pip)、手数 (Lot)、杠杆 (Leverage) 和保证金 (Margin)?轻松读懂外汇术语

什么是点、手、杠杆和保证金?深入解析4个外汇核心词汇

在外汇市场中,有几个被广泛使用的术语。在开始真实交易之前,必须深刻理解 Pip、Lot、Leverage 和 Margin 这四个词。这四个词的定义如下:

  • Pip(点):外汇市场中最小的价格变化单位,通常是指货币对小数点后的第四位(对于日元货币对则是小数点后第二位),用来表示价格的差值。例如:EUR/USD 波动 0.0001 = 1 Pip。

  • Lot(手):外汇市场中交易头寸数量的计量单位。1 Standard Lot 的价值等于 100,000 个基准货币(Base Currency)单位。手数的大小直接关系到价格波动的价值。您开的手数越大,每波动 1 Pip 的盈利或亏损金额就越高,这是风险管理的核心所在。

  • Leverage(杠杆):经纪商借给我们的倍数,用以提高购买力,让您能够使用较少的资金来开立更大的一手(Lot)订单。例如:您拥有 $1,000 资金,并选择使用 1:100 的 Leverage,您的购买力将立即相当于 $100,000。其优点在于可以利用小资金赚取更大的利润,但需要注意的是,亏损时也会以同样的比例放大。

  • Margin(保证金):指经纪商在账户中“占用”的真实资金金额,作为开立和维持订单头寸的最低抵押。Margin 并非交易手续费,而是在订单持仓期间被暂时锁定的资金部分,当头寸平仓时,它将被释放并退回到可用金额(Available Margin)中。

许多人可能觉得这些词听起来能理解一些,但在实际的风险管理中应用得还不够熟练。本文将带您清晰、系统地理解这些概念,并能实际应用到每一次交易中。


为什么需要同时理解这 4 个词

这 4 个术语在每一次交易中都是系统性相互关联的。因此,不理解其中任何一个就如同遗漏了画面的一个部分,可能会导致在规划交易大小、仓位以及风险管理时出现错误。

Pip → Lot → Leverage → Margin 的关系

  1. 您选择想要开仓的 Lot Size 确定每 1 Pip 波动对应多少资金价值

  2. 系统根据账户所使用的 Leverage 计算 Required Margin 较高的 Leverage 意味着需要较少的 Margin

  3. 价格每波动一个 Pip 乘以 Lot Size = 实际的盈/亏

  4. 账户中剩余的 Free Margin 决定了您是否可以开立新的头寸。

理解这一链路的交易者将能够设计出系统化的交易计划,知道应该在何处设置止损、使用多大尺寸的 Lot、以及是否有足够的 Margin 来应对市场的波动。

ความสัมพันธ์ของ Pip → Lot → Leverage → Margin ในการเทรด Forex


深度解析交易者必须知道的外汇 4 大基础术语

什么是 Pip (Percentage in Point)

Pip 简称 Percentage in Point,是外汇市场中衡量货币对价格变化的最基本单位。由于大多数平台采用 5 位小数点报价(精确定价/Precision Pricing),因此引入了 "Point 或 Pipette"(小数,即第 5 位数),其中 10 Points 始终等于 1 Pip。

  • 示例:EUR/USD 从 1.10500 变动到 1.10510,意味着价格上涨了 1 Pip(或 10 Points)。

利润计算公式:Pip × 每点价值 × Lot

สูตรคำนวณกำไร: Pip × มูลค่าต่อ Pip × Lot


什么是 Lot(合约大小)?

Lot 是用于定义交易"量"的单位。交易手(Lot)越多,每 Pip 的盈亏也随之增加。标准 Lot 大小主要分为以下三个级别:

  • Standard Lot (1.00):合约价值为 100,000 单位 (1 Pip ≈ $10)

  • Mini Lot (0.10):合约价值为 10,000 单位 (1 Pip ≈ $1)

  • Micro Lot (0.01):合约价值为 1,000 单位 (1 Pip ≈ $0.10)

如何选择与账户大小匹配的 Lot Size

系统化的交易者通常会使用 1–2% 风险规则。这意味着在每笔交易中,亏损不应超过总资金的 1–2%。因此,Lot Size 的计算在很大程度上取决于两个数字:作为 Pip 值的止损距离,以及能够承受的风险比例。

开仓前的 Lot Size 计算公式

สูตรคำนวณ Lot Size ก่อนเปิดออเดอร์


什么是 Leverage(杠杆倍数)

Leverage 是经纪商借给您的倍数,用以提高您的交易购买力。它允许您使用较少的实际资金开立更大的头寸(较大的 Lot)。例如:1:100 的 Leverage 意味着您只需使用 $1 资金就能控制 $100 价值的合约。


使 Leverage 深受欢迎的优势

• 能够以更少的初始资金开立较大的仓位

• 可以分散资金到多个货币对中交易,而无需大资金账户

• 增加了从短期价格变动中获取更高利润的机会


不容忽视的注意事项

• 亏损也会按相同比例放大,并不仅仅是放大盈利

• 过高的 Leverage 会使 Margin Level 迅速下降,从而更快触发 Margin Call

• 在市场剧烈动荡(例如数据公布)时,过高的杠杆可能会在几分钟内令账户归零。

目前,全球监管机构(如 FCAASIC)均推行了限制零售交易者(Retail Traders)Leverage 的措施(如最高限制为 1:30),以规避市场波动带来的风险。使用高达 1:1000 的超高 Leverage 虽然所需资金较少,但如果方向错误,也会加速使您的账户爆仓(Blow up)。

Leverage คืออัตราทดที่โบรกเกอร์ให้คุณยืมเพื่อเพิ่มอำนาจซื้อขาย


什么是 Margin(保证金)

Margin 是您在开立并维持交易头寸时,经纪商作为抵押品(Collateral)占用的资金。只要订单还在持仓,这部分资金就会被锁定,无法提取。平仓之后,这部分 Margin 会连同盈亏一起退回到账户中。

所需 Margin 值的计算公式:交易规模(Lot × 合约规模)/ Leverage。例如,在 1:100 的 Leverage 下开立 1 标准手 EUR/USD($100,000)合约,所需 Margin 为 $1,000。


什么是 Margin Call 与 Stop Out

这两个概念是每个交易者在实际操作前必须深入了解的警告信号。如果被触发却不知道如何应对,可能会导致承受超出预期的资金流失。

Margin Call(追加保证金)

当 Margin Level 下降到低于经纪商规定的水平(通常为 100%)时触发。TradeQuo 经纪商将会向您发出通知,提醒您需要入金或者关闭部分持仓,以减小账户风险。

Stop Out(强制平仓)

如果 Margin Level 进一步下滑到 Stop Out 水平(通常为 50%),经纪商将自动强制平仓亏损最多的部分或全部仓位,以防账户资产出现负数。

Margin Call และ Stop Out คืออะไร


如何防范 Margin Call

• 使用与您的 Leverage 匹配的 Lot Size。不要开立超出账户资金比例的重仓。

• 每一笔交易都设置 Stop Loss。不要任由亏损无休止地扩大。

• 维持 Free Margin 至少在 Balance 的 50% 以上,以抵御市场波动。

• 在没有合理计划的前提下,切勿连续在相同方向开多笔交易。





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© 2026 Trade Quo. All rights reserved.

This website provides content by group of companies, which include:

Tradequomarkets Financial Services L.L.C is a registered, authorised and regulated company by the Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) of the United Arab Emirates, with License No. 20200000320 Category 5, to carry out regulated activities of Financial Consultations and Introduction. Its registered office is located at Business Tower, Main Business Village 114499 Dubai, UAE.

Tradequomarkets LTD (2023/C0024). Located at #8 Jepson Lane, St. George, Goodwill, Commonwealth of Dominica

Trade Quo Global Ltd, a securities dealer firm that is authorized and regulated by the Seychelles Financial Services Authority (FSA) with license number SD140.

Tradequo (PTY) Ltd is licensed in South Africa by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority with FSP license number 54827. The registered office: 33rd Floor – 34 Whiteley Road, 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Quo Markets LLC, registered with Financial Services Authority FSA: 3171 LLC 2024. Registered address: Suite 305, Griffith Corporate Centre, Beachmont, Kingstown, SVG.

Tqbg Ltd, registered in Cyprus with registration number HE438084, registered address Archiespiskopou Makariou III 160 1st floor, 3026, Limassol, Cyprus. Is apointed payment agent, and does not engage in any regulated activities.

Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 72.6% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Regional Restrictions: This website including the information and materials contained in it, is not directed at, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of the following countries: USA, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Russia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, Somalia and Syria or any jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to applicable law or regulation.

TradeQuo and its affiliates do not target EU/EEA/UK clients.

深受人们喜爱

深受市场信赖

2025奖项
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© 2026 Trade Quo. All rights reserved.

This website provides content by group of companies, which include:

Tradequomarkets Financial Services L.L.C is a registered, authorised and regulated company by the Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) of the United Arab Emirates, with License No. 20200000320 Category 5, to carry out regulated activities of Financial Consultations and Introduction. Its registered office is located at Business Tower, Main Business Village 114499 Dubai, UAE.

Tradequomarkets LTD (2023/C0024). Located at #8 Jepson Lane, St. George, Goodwill, Commonwealth of Dominica

Trade Quo Global Ltd, a securities dealer firm that is authorized and regulated by the Seychelles Financial Services Authority (FSA) with license number SD140.

Tradequo (PTY) Ltd is licensed in South Africa by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority with FSP license number 54827. The registered office: 33rd Floor – 34 Whiteley Road, 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Quo Markets LLC, registered with Financial Services Authority FSA: 3171 LLC 2024. Registered address: Suite 305, Griffith Corporate Centre, Beachmont, Kingstown, SVG.

Tqbg Ltd, registered in Cyprus with registration number HE438084, registered address Archiespiskopou Makariou III 160 1st floor, 3026, Limassol, Cyprus. Is apointed payment agent, and does not engage in any regulated activities.

Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 72.6% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Regional Restrictions: This website including the information and materials contained in it, is not directed at, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of the following countries: USA, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Russia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, Somalia and Syria or any jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to applicable law or regulation.

TradeQuo and its affiliates do not target EU/EEA/UK clients.

深受人们喜爱

深受市场信赖

2025奖项
2025奖项
2025奖项

© 2026 Trade Quo. All rights reserved.

This website provides content by group of companies, which include:

Tradequomarkets Financial Services L.L.C is a registered, authorised and regulated company by the Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) of the United Arab Emirates, with License No. 20200000320 Category 5, to carry out regulated activities of Financial Consultations and Introduction. Its registered office is located at Business Tower, Main Business Village 114499 Dubai, UAE.

Tradequomarkets LTD (2023/C0024). Located at #8 Jepson Lane, St. George, Goodwill, Commonwealth of Dominica

Trade Quo Global Ltd, a securities dealer firm that is authorized and regulated by the Seychelles Financial Services Authority (FSA) with license number SD140.

Tradequo (PTY) Ltd is licensed in South Africa by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority with FSP license number 54827. The registered office: 33rd Floor – 34 Whiteley Road, 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Quo Markets LLC, registered with Financial Services Authority FSA: 3171 LLC 2024. Registered address: Suite 305, Griffith Corporate Centre, Beachmont, Kingstown, SVG.

Tqbg Ltd, registered in Cyprus with registration number HE438084, registered address Archiespiskopou Makariou III 160 1st floor, 3026, Limassol, Cyprus. Is apointed payment agent, and does not engage in any regulated activities.

Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 72.6% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Regional Restrictions: This website including the information and materials contained in it, is not directed at, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of the following countries: USA, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Russia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, Somalia and Syria or any jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to applicable law or regulation.

TradeQuo and its affiliates do not target EU/EEA/UK clients.